• ICT is a product of icariin via the metabolism

  2019-08-20

  

  ICT is a product of icariin via the metabolism of intestinal bacteria with estrogen-like activities [33]. ICT as a bone-protecting agent can enhance osteoblast differentiation while suppressing osteoclastic differentiation in vitro [19], and stimulate osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogene

• The photocleaving properties of were studied by

  2019-08-20

  

  The photocleaving properties of 1 were studied by performing ΦX174 photocleavage assays. Light irradiation of the mixtures of increasing amounts of 1 with supercoiled DNA caused>90% supercoiled form relaxation and approximately 5% of linearization for the higher concentrations of 1 (1:10bp and 1:2bp

• Despite the significant increase in Bdnf

  2019-08-20

  

  Despite the significant increase in Bdnf1 mRNA levels after DNMT inhibition, the expression of Bdnf4 and Bdnf9 was unaltered. It is particularly surprising that Bdnf4 is not affected by the DNMT inhibitor, as the promoter of the Bdnf4 exon is known to be susceptible to epigenetic changes (Kotera et

• br Transparency document br Acknowledgments This work

  2019-08-20

  

  Transparency document Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (the National Program of Sustainability I, Grants LO1204 and LO1304), by the Czech Science Foundation (15-17282Y) and by Palacký University Olomouc (IGA_PrF_2017_0

• Our results are the first to demonstrate that

  2019-08-19

  

  Our results are the first to demonstrate that ERRγ acts as a catabolic regulator of cartilage degeneration and OA pathogenesis, and collectively support the idea that ERRγ could be a therapeutic target for OA Introduction DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferases (Dnmts) catalyze the methyl transfer fr

• Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP

  2019-08-19

  

  Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is a transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EP4 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue by dampening the levels of inflammatory chemokines [12]. In the mouse, EP4 deficiency aggravates fragmentatio

• Key molecules in the EP second messenger

  2019-08-19

  

  Key molecules in the EP1 second messenger signaling cascade that are necessary for potentiation of GluK2/GluK5 were identified. We also identified three GluK5 serines located in a membrane-proximal C-terminal domain that, when mutated to the phosphomimetic aspartate and expressed with GluK2, rendere

• Another enzyme class that has emerged as a potential

  2019-08-19

  

  Another enzyme class that has emerged as a potential alternative to P450s are the so-called ‘unspecific peroxygenases’ (UPOs). They also contain a heme but are extracellularly expressed fungal enzymes that are often more stable than P450 monooxygenases. Importantly, UPOs use H2O2 instead of O2 as th

• In summary these results are consistent

  2019-08-19

  

  In summary, these results are consistent with our hypothesis that chemical nitrosation of BMAA to N-BMAA results in the formation of an alkylating agent. Furthermore, we have shown that N-BMAA is more toxic than BMAA itself. Previously, methylazoxymethanol (MAM), which is also present in the cycad n

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by

  2019-08-19

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Région Auvergne “Nouveau chercheur”. This study has been performed with the assistance of Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand for histology technical assistance using “Anipath” Platform (GReD) and Sandrine Plantade, Keredine Ouchen and Philippe Mazuel for animal

• It has been reported that CysLT

  2019-08-19

  

  It has been reported that CysLT2 receptors negatively regulate CysLT1 receptor-mediated response in allergic airway inflammation in mice. Knockdown of CysLT2 receptors augmented CysLT1 receptor-mediated mast cell proliferation [31] and eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by antigen challenge in

• cdk1 The molecular mechanism by which CRM

  2019-08-19

  

  The molecular mechanism by which CRM1 regulates IEC apoptosis in CD remains to be explored. As an inhibitor of cyclin E-Cdk2, p27kip1 plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, S phase entry, and G1 phase exit during development and tumorigenesis [38]. As previously reported, p27kip1 is

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling

  2019-08-17

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle ABT-263 reviews (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ER

• DDR was originally cloned by the group of Michele

  2019-08-17

  

  DDR1 was originally cloned by the group of Michele de Luca, at the time named TrkE. The Genoa-based research team identified the skin, and the keratinocytes in particular, as a major site of DDR1-binding activity [20]. DDR1 is also expressed in kidney, liver and lung (Fig. 2). The functional role of

• br The role of TNFs

  2019-08-17

  

  The role of TNFs and AD The TNF superfamily includes 19 members that can bind 29 different receptors [56, 57]; the 19 members are Lta, TNF-α, lymphotoxin-β (LTβ), OX40L, TNF associated activation protein (TRAP, also named CD40L or gp39), factor associated suicide ligand (FasL), CD70, CD153, 4-1BB

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